WEATHER FORECASTS

National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology

HEAVY RAIN!

Latest Measurements

Table—measurements

Station	Date	Hour	Temperature [°C]	Weather	Wind speed [m/s]	Wind direction	Air pressure [hPa]
Novo Selo	20.02.2026	02	2	cloudy	0	тихо	1005.3
Vidin	20.02.2026	02	-1	cloudy	1	W	1008.3
Vratsa	20.02.2026	02	12	cloudy	8	SW	973.1
Montana	20.02.2026	02	4	cloudy	7	N	986.8
Lom	20.02.2026	02	2	cloudy	0	тихо	1010
Oryahovo	20.02.2026	02	3	clear/sunny	3	E	1009
Knezha	20.02.2026	02	6	clear/sunny	0	тихо	997
Lovech	20.02.2026	02	5	cloudy	2	S	985.8
Pleven	20.02.2026	02	5	clear/sunny	2	E	992.4
V. Tarnovo	20.02.2026	02	7	cloudy	0	тихо	989.7
Svishtov	20.02.2026	02	7	mostly cloudy	1	E	1006.9
Ruse	20.02.2026	02	3	cloudy	0	тихо	1008
Shumen	20.02.2026	02	1	partly cloudy	0	тихо	989.1
Razgrad	20.02.2026	02	4	cloudy	4	SE	972.3
Silistra	20.02.2026	02	5	cloudy	3	S	1011.3
Silistra-NIMH	20.02.2026	02	5	cloudy	3	S	1011.8
Varna	20.02.2026	02	5	mostly cloudy	1	NE	1011.7
Shabla	20.02.2026	02	6	clear/sunny	6	S	1015.8
Kaliakra	20.02.2026	02	7	clear/sunny	9	S	1008.2
Dobrich	20.02.2026	02	3	clear/sunny	1	S	992.3
Murgash	20.02.2026	02	-3	cloudy	28	S	824.3
Kyustendil	20.02.2026	02	7	mostly cloudy	3	SE	951.4
Dragoman	20.02.2026	02	4	cloudy	4	SE	929.8
Blagoevgrad	20.02.2026	02	8	cloudy	4	E	964.6
Cherni Vrah	20.02.2026	02	-8	partly cloudy	12	W	763.7
Sofia	20.02.2026	02	4	cloudy	1	W	943.9
Mussala	20.02.2026	02	-8	fog	10	SW	706.2
Plovdiv	20.02.2026	02	2	cloudy	0	тихо	997
Botev	20.02.2026	02	-7	mostly cloudy	6	SW	757.1
Pazardzhik	20.02.2026	02	1	cloudy	2	NW	990.6
Chirpan	20.02.2026	02	4	cloudy	2	E	993.8
Kazanlak	20.02.2026	02	-1	clear/sunny	0	тихо	968.2
Stara Zagora	20.02.2026	02	2	mostly cloudy	1	NE	995.7
Sliven	20.02.2026	02	4	clear/sunny	0	тихо	986
Elhovo	20.02.2026	02	6	cloudy	2	S	994.4
Karnobat	20.02.2026	02	3	mostly cloudy	0	тихо	993.9
Emine	20.02.2026	02	7	cloudy	4	W	1009.5
Burgas	20.02.2026	02	4	partly cloudy	0	тихо	1013.9
Sandanski	20.02.2026	02	6	cloudy	3	SW	991.5
Rozhen	20.02.2026	02	-1	cloudy	2	W	821.9
Kurdzhali	20.02.2026	02	6	partly cloudy	3	SW	977.2
Haskovo	20.02.2026	02	7	partly cloudy	3	S	987.3

Legend—measurements

Legend—Measurements


Symbol	Weather	Symbol	Weather	Symbol	Weather	Wind—Symbol	m/s	km/h	Knots
	clear/sunny		recent drizzle		heavy drizzle		0	0	0
	partly cloudy		drizzle and rain; recent rain; slight rain shower(s);		moderate rain;		2	7	3
	mostly cloudy		recent snow; light snow; snow or crystals		moderate rain; moderate rain shower(s);		3,5	12	7
	visibility reduced by smoke,dust or sand;dust or sand whirl(s);mist;		rain and snow		heavy rain		5	18	12
	duststorm or sandstorm; thick fog;		freezing drizzle/rain		violent rain shower(s)		8	28	17
	haze; shallow fog;		recent snow shower;light snow;		rain and snow		10	36	22
	lightening(s)		recent hail; sleet; hail;		heavy snow; snow shower(s)		15	55	32
	rain shower, not falling; cloudy		blowing snow; moderate snow; snow shower(s);		diamond dust,sleet		25	90	52
	shower near the station		light or dissipating fog;		heavy rain and snow		30	110	62
	squall(s); tornado; recent thunder;		light or moderate drizzle;		hailstorm		50	180	102

Minimum and Maximum Temperatures

What do you see on the maps with the minimum and maximum temperatures?

What do you see on the maps with the minimum and maximum temperatures? On the map with the minimum/maximum measured temperatures by synoptic station, you will see one value in degrees Celsius (℃) above the written name of each city that has a NIMH synoptic station. It is the minimum/maximum value recorded by the measurements in the corresponding way for that particular day. At the bottom right of the map is the date to which the corresponding temperature measurements relate.

Air temperature: air temperature is a measure of the average thermal energy of ambient air molecules—the higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy of the molecules. Historically, the most common instrument used was a glass thermometer with liquid that expands or contracts as a result of heating or cooling. Mercury was the most commonly used. Mercury thermometers are not used in meteorology for almost a decade, as mercury is dangerous if it leaks when the thermometer breaks. In meteorological services around the world, including the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH), as part of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), these thermometers have been replaced by those with alcohol-based liquid or digital thermometers. Modern automatic weather stations use an electronic sensor. The measurement accuracy of these sensors depends on the material from which they are made. High accuracy is achieved, for example, with sensors made of platinum. In order to measure the temperature most accurately, the instruments are placed under radiation protection - a meteorological cell of special construction so as to avoid the influence of direct heating from the Sun. The construction of the meteorological cell allows air to pass through it unhindered, it always faces north and is painted white. Combined with the compulsory positioning of the instrument cage 2 metres above the ground on a grassed mown area, avoids a maximum number of disturbances in the measurements and guarantees the reading of the actual air temperature. In NIMH, according to the standard WMO recommendations, the daily maximum (highest) and minimum (lowest) temperature are recorded once a day, at 06 UTC (08:00/09:00 - in winter/summer time in Bulgaria) and at 18 UTC (20:00/21:00 - in winter/summer time in Bulgaria), respectively, while instantaneous air temperature measurements can be made at any time of the day, practically continuously.

How is temperature measured for meteorological purposes? Temperature data before 1910 should be used with extreme caution, as many stations before that date were set up in substandard locations, some of which gave readings that were several degrees higher or lower than those measured according to post-1910 standards. Daily maximum temperatures are usually observed in the afternoon, and daily minimum temperatures at night or around dawn. In clear and calm weather, the temperature minimum is reached around sunrise. That is, the usual diurnal pattern is associated with a minimum in the morning and a maximum after noon. There are also exceptions, which are associated with certain synoptic conditions with cold intrusion, the temperatures have a so-called "reverse diurnal course", which means that it is colder in the afternoon than in the morning.

Satellite IR

Cloud Systems
(Temperature of cloud tops or land/sea surface if clouds are missing)

The scale is in Kelvin, dublicated in °C.:

Satellite RGB

Airmasses

Legend—airmasses

	Thick high-level clouds
	Thick mid-level clouds
	Jet stream, high Potential Vorticity (PV)
	Cold airmass
	Warm airmass – high tropopause
	Warm airmass – low tropopause

About Eumetsat

EUMETSAT is the European intergovernmental satellite organisation for monitoring weather, climate and the environment.

EUMETSAT operates and develops the European system of meteorological satellites monitoring the atmosphere and ocean and land surfaces which deliver weather and climate-related satellite data, images and products – 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. This information is supplied to the National Meteorological Services of the organisation's Member and Cooperating States (in Bulgaria—NIMH) as well as other users worldwide.

Bulgaria is a Cooperating State EUMETSAT since May 25, 2005.

24-hour Precipitation Map

24-hour precipitation sum analysis since 8 h local time on 27.06.2023 until 8 h on 28.06.2023, using ALADIN numerical model and measured data from NIMH stations. It is calculated once daily about 12 o'clock. It is produced automatically and may sometimes contain inaccurate data that is corrected later.

Data Map of Precipitation

Table with Data of Precipitation in 166 NIMH Stations

Snow Cover

Snow depth from NIMH stations at 7h 30min on the date, given on the map. Calculated once a day at about noon. Left scale — snow depth in centimeters. Right scale — altitude in meters for places without snow.

Notice: This is an operational map and is only suitable as a guide to the general state of snow cover in the country. It contains inherent imperfections as a result of modelling methods and operational data transmission.

Data Map of Snow Cover

Table with Data of Snow Cover in 166 NIMH Stations

NIMH Sofia

Daily Data for the Snow Cover in 166 NIMH Stations
за 19.02.2026

No	Station	Type	Precipitation
No	Station	Type	*Quantity [mm10]**	Type	Snow Cover [cm]
1010	NovoSelo	climatic		rime
1020	Vidin	climatic		rime
1030	Gramada	climatic		no precipitation	p%4
1040	Belogradchik	climatic		no precipitation	15
1460	Kula	precipitation
2015	Montana	climatic		rime
2020	D-rIosifovo	climatic
2030	Varshets	climatic		rime	10
2050	Bazovets	climatic
2060	Lom	climatic		rime
2401	Chiprovtsi	precipitation
2430	Berkovitsa	precipitation
3010	Vratca	climatic		no precipitation	4
3040	Kneja	climatic	2
3050	Oriahovo	climatic	2
3401	ByalaSlatina	precipitation
3440	Borovan	precipitation
3530	Roman	precipitation
4010	Pleven	climatic	12	snow	6
4020	Somovit	climatic
4040	Novachene	climatic	6		6
4060	Nikolaevo	climatic	17	snow	14
4430	Pordim	precipitation	27	snow	5
4500	Orehovitsa	precipitation	9	rain
4590	Levski	precipitation	48	snow	7
5010	Lovech	climatic	19	snow	7
5020	Borima	climatic	122	snow	22
5030	Teteven	climatic	74	snow	17
5040	Troyan	climatic
5080	Dermantsi	climatic	12	snow	6
5401	Lukovit	precipitation
5460	Ribaritsa	precipitation	33	snow	10
5490	Chiflik	precipitation	33	snow	10
5510	CherniOsam	precipitation	22	snow	8
5520	Apriltsi	precipitation	75	snow	20
6010	Sevlievo	climatic	33	snow	6
6020	Gabrovo	climatic	16	snow	25
6470	Tryavna	precipitation	72	snow	14
7010	VelikoTarnovo	climatic	69	snow	10
7020	Pavlikeni	climatic	28	snow	9
7040	Elena	climatic	48	snow	8
7440	Kostel	precipitation	58	snow	16
7470	Kesarevo	precipitation	53	snow	8
7580	PolskiTrambesh	precipitation	42	snow	13
21010	RuseUPPD	climatic	56		12
21020	DveMogili	climatic	50	snow	18
21030	ObraztsovChifli	climatic	46	snow	15
22010	Targovishte	climatic	41	snow	18
22020	Omurtag	climatic	5	snow	20
22030	Slavyanovo	climatic	52	snow	10
22480	VraniKon	precipitation	65		5
22520	Nadarevo	precipitation	37	snow	15
23010	Razgrad	climatic	94	snow	20
23020	Samuil	climatic
23030	Isperih	climatic
23480	TSarKaloyan	precipitation	70	snow	13
23490	Kubrat	precipitation	85	snow	18
24010	SilistraUPPD	climatic	171	snow	22
24020	Alfatar	climatic	141	snow	25
24030	Glavinitsa	climatic	183	snow	25
24430	Tutrakan	precipitation	109	snow	25
25010	Shumen	climatic	60	snow	12
25040	TSarevBrod	climatic
25401	Preslav	precipitation	54	snow	15
25410	NoviPazar	precipitation	61	snow	8
25420	Varbitsa	precipitation	42	snow	11
25500	Rish	precipitation	74	snow	16
26010	Dobrich	climatic	162	snow	11
26020	Shabla	climatic	73		2
26030	Kaliakra	climatic	19		0
26060	Krushari	climatic	130	snow	16
26080	GeneralToshevo	climatic
26630	Obrochishte	precipitation	15	snow	4
27010	Varna	climatic	10	snow	p%1
27020	StaroOryahovo	climatic
27030	GorenChiflik	climatic	46	snow	9
27050	Suvorovo	climatic	86	snow	7
27070	Dalgopol	climatic	40		7
27460	Beloslav	precipitation	40	snow	2
27490	NovaShipka	precipitation	78	snow	9
28010	Burgas	climatic	34
28021	Ahtopol	climatic	22	snow
28040	Karnobat	climatic	7
28045	Sungurlare	climatic	5	snow
28050	Liulyakovo	climatic	n.a.
28060	Grudovo	climatic	41	snow	8
28120	Rezovo	climatic
28150	MalkoTarnovo	climatic	42	snow	6
28510	Veselie	precipitation	75	snow
28550	Kosti	precipitation	50
28610	Fakiya	precipitation	105	snow	13
28630	Zidarovo	precipitation	88	snow	7
29010	Yambol	climatic	16
29020	Elhovo	climatic	33		6
29060	Topolovgrad	climatic	14	snow	7
29465	Strandzha	precipitation	140	snow	20
41010	Sliven	climatic	4
41030	Sadievo	climatic		no precipitation
41040	Kotel	climatic	89		7
41430	ZlatiVoivoda	precipitation
41530	Gradets	precipitation	16	snow	11
42010	StaraZagora-Ins	climatic		rime
42020	Chirpan	climatic		rime
42030	Kazanlak	climatic	4	snow
42042	Radnevo	climatic		rime
42420	Dalboki	precipitation
42450	Pchelinovo	precipitation
42470	Shipka	precipitation
43010	Haskovo	climatic	5	snow shower
43040	lubimetc	climatic	20
43420	Simeonovgrad	precipitation	22
43520	TSarevaPolyana	precipitation
44010	Kardjali	climatic		rime
44020	Dzhebel	climatic		rime
44030	Krumovgrad	climatic		rime
44040	Ivailovgrad	climatic	16	snow
44540	Ardino	precipitation
44470	Momchilgrad	precipitation
44510	Kirkovo	precipitation	1
45030	Chepelare	climatic
45040	Raikovo	climatic
45070	Zlatograd	climatic
45120	Rozhen	climatic
45130	Devin	climatic
45450	Mugla	precipitation
45480	Barutin	precipitation
45530	Manastir	precipitation
45541	Mihalkovo	precipitation
46011	Plovdiv	climatic		rime
46020	Sadovo	climatic		rime
46030	Asenovgrad	climatic		no precipitation
46060	Karlovo	climatic		no precipitation
46090	vr.Botev	climatic	17	frost	210
46440	Parvomai	precipitation
46680	Svezhen	precipitation
46760	Klisura	precipitation	10	rain
47010	Pazardjik	climatic		rime
47040	Velingrad	climatic		rime
47050	Panagiurishte	climatic
47070	Peshtera	climatic		no precipitation
47570	Batak	precipitation
47590	Fotinovo	precipitation
47640	Sarnitsa	precipitation
61010	Blagoevgrad	climatic		rime
61040	Bansko	climatic		rime
61100	Sandanski	climatic		dew
61111	Purvomai	climatic		rime
61420	Yakoruda	precipitation
61570	Satovcha	precipitation
61600	Gaitaninovo	precipitation
61631	Polena	precipitation
61695	s.Pirin	precipitation
62010	Kustendil	climatic		rime
62050	Dupnitsa	climatic		no precipitation
63010	Pernik	climatic		rime
63406	Chuipetlovo	precipitation
64132	Zlatitsa	climatic	13	snow	3
64201	Sofia	climatic		no precipitation
64205	CherniVrah	climatic	8	frost	115
64210	vr.Mourgash	climatic	22	snow	15
64215	vr.Musala	climatic	96
64235	Samokov	climatic		no precipitation	7
64305	Bozhurishte	climatic		no precipitation
64310	Dragoman	climatic		no precipitation
64315	Bankya	climatic
64420	Etropole	precipitation	94	snow	13

Legend

The table gives data on the amount of precipitation in "lines" (tenths of a millimeter or tenths of a liter per square meter) in the left column, on the type of precipitation - in the middle column, and on the presence of snow cover and its height (in centimeters) – in the right column. When there is no number in the left data column, there is no precipitation. Climate stations report precipitation data every day. In case there is no information for a given date, n.a. is written in the middle column. Since 2021, the network of rain gauge stations at NIMH has been equipped with automated devices for real-time rainfall measurement, but the rain gauge stations continue to provide operational information of the 24-hour rainfall amount in the classic way once a day. Traditionally, it is only reported for days with measured precipitation ≥ 0.5 mm, but it is possible to have days with information for precipitation < 0.5 mm, and this is not wrong. For these stations, it is possible that there are days when there is precipitation, but no information is reported. For this type of station, an empty field means that no information has been received for the corresponding date. Also for this type of station information n.a. in all three columns means that wrong information has been received for that date and has been corrected.

**Legend 1:** Special symbols for the snow cover in the right field.
Symbol	Snow Cover
p%N	on less than the half of land surface, where N is mean snow cover in cm, when it is <10 cm, or N=A, when it is >=10cm
P%N	on more than the half of land surface, where N is mean snow cover in cm, when it is <10 cm, or N=A, when it is >=10cm
n.a	spots of snow; the height cannot be measured
err	error

Note 1: Data are operational. Errors are possible. To be used for decision making only after consultation with the weather forecaster on duty.
Note 2: At Moussala - a mountain station - snow cover is not measured.

Lightening Detection over Bulgaria

UTC - Summer daylight saving time in Bulgaria is UTC+3, in Winter the local time is UTC+2

Hourly (in UTC) and space distribution of lightenings registerred over Bulgaria during the last day - from 0h to 24h

Hourly (in UTC) and space distribution of lightenings registerred over Bulgaria today (updated hourly)

The system LEELA (Lightning Electromagnetic Emission Location by Arrival time difference) LEELA (Lightning Electromagnetic Emission Location by Arrival time difference) of the British Met Office is the new automatic lightning detection network. It consists of ten sensors deployed across Europe to determine the location and timing of recorded lightnings.

Preparedness for Firefighting

Legend—fire risk

Степен на риск/ Hazard	Описание на български	Description in English
Малък Low	Съществуващи пожари се самозагасяват и е малко вероятно да възникват нови. Жизнени пожари са възможни само като тлеене в дълбоки сухи слоеве.	Fires likely to be self-extinguishing and new ignitions unlikely. Any existing fires limited to smoldering in deep, drier layers.
Умерен Moderate	Възможни са леки и бавно развиващи се пожари. Съществуващи пожари се гасят лесно от наземни екипи с помпи и ръчни инструменти.	Creeping or gentle surface fires. Fires easily contained by ground crews with pumps and hand tools.
Голям High	Възможни са умерени до силни пожари с въвличане на дървесни корони само локално. Пожарите са трудни за овладяване от наземни екипи. Често се налага използване на тежка екипировка за овладяване на пожарите (булдозери, камиони-цистерни, самолети).	Moderate to vigorous surface fire with intermittent crown involvement. Challenging for ground crews to handle; heavy equipment (bulldozers, tanker trucks, aircraft) often required to contain fire.
Много голям Very High	Възможни са много силни пожари с частично или пълно въвличане на дървесните корони. Предните фронтове на пожарите е невъзможно да бъдат овладени от наземни екипи. Налагат се въздушни атаки със забавящ агент (retardant), за да се атакуват успешно предните фронтове на пожарите.	High-intensity fire with partial to full crown involvement. Head fire conditions beyond the ability of ground crews; air attack with retardant required to effectively attack fire's head.
Екстремален Extreme	Възможни са бързо разпространяващи се много силни пожари с въвличане на дървесните корони. Пожарите са трудни за овладяване. Действията по погасяване се ограничени само по фланговете на пожара. Възможни са само индиректни действия, насочени срещу предните фронтове на пожарите.	Fast-spreading, high-intensity crown fire. Very difficult to control. Suppression actions limited to flanks, with only indirect actions possible against the fire's head.
Не се пресмята (сняг) (Snow)	Не се извършват изчисления за този район. (Наличие на снежна покривка).	No calculations were performed for this region.

Източник: Canadian Forest Service (http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/)

More about the Canadian Fire Weather Index

The system is operational since April,2008 during the warm months (April-October)The Canadian Fire Weather Index, FWI, developed in the Canadian Forest Service Research Center is used.

Data used (input elements for FWI calculation):

precipitaion amount for the last 24 hours;
air temperature;
air relative humidity;
wind speed; snow cover presence;
day duration.

FWI has three sub-indices showing the "dryness" of different types of "fuel". Each of these sub-idices is a complex function of the meteo-elements. Knowing the sub-indices and wind velocity data, two other sub indices are calculated, which evaluate the initial fire kindling and the available "fuel" for the further unfolding of the fire. On their basis the FWI in calculated and it gives an overall assessment of the intensity of fire unfolding (in energy released per unit time per unit length along the fire front line).

Thermal Comfort/Discomfort Analysis for the Last Synoptic Term

The maps are based on an operational objective analysis of data from the NIMH synoptic stations.

Note: Data are operational. Errors are possible. To be used for decision making only after consultation with the weather forecaster on duty.

Table of Feels Like Temperatures at Our Synoptic Stations

Thermal Comfort Index in Our Weather Stations on 20.02.2026 в 00 UTC

The data are from the last observation in the Bulgarian weather stations.

Time in Bulgaria is UTC+2 h in Winter and UTC+3 h in Summer.

niama FH

Station	Measured				Calculated
Station	Temperature [°C]	Relative humidity [%]	Wind speed [m/s]	Clouds [tenths]	Feels like temperature [°C]	Comfort index	Proposed clothing

Thermal Comfort/Discomfort on the Bases of Feels Like Temperature

The proposed maps show the current or expected feeling of thermal comfort/discomfort of the majority of people. The maps refer to a standard time of day, which corresponds to the classical observation periods at weather stations. For example, 12 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) corresponds to 14:00 Bulgarian time (15:00 summer time), which is usually close to the warmest hours of the day, and 03 UTC corresponds to 05:00 Bulgarian time (06:00 summer weather) which is usually close to the coldest hours of the day.

Thermal Comfort Classes, Description of the Sensation of Comfort/Discomfort and Recommended Clothing

The table shows the degrees of thermal comfort/discomfort. The categories of comfortable, warm and hot are defined on the basis of the degrees of physiological stress to which the human thermoregulatory system is subjected in the different temperature conditions according to the feels like temperature. The categories for cold are according to the Wind Chill Index.

Thermal comfort class	From feels like temperature, °С	To feels like temperature, °С	Grade in colour	Thermal sensation of comfort or discomfort	Description	Level of clothing
13	44	-		Extreme heat	Substantial risk of thermal shock in prolonged work/stay outdoors.	0.4
12	38	44		Very hot	The mechanism of self-cooling by sweating is hindered.	0.4
11	32	38		Hot	Almost the whole body is covered in sweat.	0.4
10	26	32		Very warm	A big part of the body is covered with sweat.	0.4
9	20	26		Warm	Sweating has started. A small part of the body is covered with sweat.	0.5-0.4
8	10	20		Comfortable	Sensation of thermal comfort with suitable clothing	1.0-0.5
7	0	10		Cool	Thermal comfort can be achieved with suitable clothing, but there is slight discomfort in the cold side on exposed parts of the body.	1.5-1.0
6	-10	0		Cold	Goosebumps start.	2.0-1.5
5	-18	-10		Very cold	Shivering starts.	2.4-2.0
4	-27	-18		Possible frost bite	Possible frost bite of bare skin	2.9-2.4
3	-35	-27		Frost bite of bare skin	Frost bite of bare skin within 30 min of exposure	3.3-2.9
2	-47	-35		Rapid frost bite of bare skin	Frost bite of bare skin within 10 min of exposure	3.9-3.3
1	-	-47		Dangerously rapid frost bite	Dangerously rapid frost bite with 5 min of exposure	4.0

Clothing Index—Meaning

Recommended clothing ensemble	Clothing index
Nude	0
Shorts	0.1
Shorts, open-neck shirt with short sleeves, sandals	0.35
Long light-weight trousers, open-neck shirt with short sleeves, open shoes	0.5
Long trousers, open-neck cotton work shirt with long sleeves, shoes	0.7
Long trousers, cotton work shirt with long sleeves, shoes, and a light jacket	0.9
Typical business suit (long trousers, cotton work shirt with long sleeves, vest, shoes, and a jacket)	1.0
Typical business suit and a cotton coat	1.5
Long resistant trousers, woolen flannel shirt, woolen socks, shoes, wind and water resistant jacket and vest, a hat and gloves	1.5-2.0
Polar weather suit with hood, warmth-keeping shoes, a hat covering the ears, strong isolating gloves	3.0-4.0

Felt Temperature

Felt temperature is air temperature in a reference atmospheric environment where a person's sense of thermal comfort/discomfort would be the same as in real weather conditions. The feeling of thermal comfort is calculated using a full numerical model of thermal balance of the body of a "standard" human placed in atmospheric conditions near ground, outdoors, on grass or snow cover, if available. The feeling of thermal comfort/discomfort depends on the morphological parameters of the person - age, sex, height, weight and others, but for general purposes, the parameters of a "standard" person are used here. This is a 35-year-old man, 1.75 m tall, weighing 75 kg, in good health. The felt temperature depends on the work performed by the person and can be calculated at different power. In this case, it is assumed that the "standard" person performs work with applying the power corresponding to walking at a speed of 4 km/h on a horizontal surface. It is assumed that the wind always blows to the side of the direction of walking. The clothing is adapted (summer/winter) so that the "standard" person, if possible, achieves thermal comfort in the specific outdoor weather conditions. To determine the felt temperature, data on meteorological elements in the layer of air near the earth's surface (0–2 m), where the "standard" person is located, are used: air temperature; relative air humidity; wind speed; presence of snow cover. Also used: amount of cloud cover; geographical coordinates and altitude of the place; date and time.

WEATHER FORECASTS

National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology